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Citation Styles & Help: AIP

Citing Sources

As a scholar, you need to cite the sources that you use in your research. Your discipline determines the citation style you use. Anthropology uses Chicago Style citation. Citations are important because they:


  • legitimize our arguments
  • provide a form of backing for what we are saying
  • provide context for the larger conversation around a topic
  • show the work of others
  • provide bread crumbs for others to trace our ideas

In-Text Citation

There are two ways to cite references in-text. Select one and use in consistently in your paper.


 

1. Superscript Numerals

  • Ex. As pointed out by Roberts, these calculations are in agreement with previous studies.²

Note: Use consecutive numerical order throughout the text and arrange those references in order on the references page.

 

2. Name & Year

  • Ex. As pointed out by Roberts, these calculations are in agreement with previous studies (Roberts 2012).

Reference List

If you are using Superscript Numerals for in-text citations, arrange your references in numerical order. If you used the Author's Last Name and Year in-text citation style, arrange your references alphabetically. The following examples are the most commonly referenced types of sources. 


 

Article (general form)

Author, "Article title." Journal Title abbreviated. Volume, Page Numbers (Year of Publication).

 

Article Examples

F. Mahligawati, E. Allanas, M. H. Butarbutar, and N. A. Nordin, "Artificial intelligence in physics education: a comprehensive literature review," J. Phys.: Conf Series 2596 (1), 012080 (2023).

R. Plomp, "Rate of decay of auditory sensation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36, 277-282 (1964).

 

Multiple Authors

Gale Young and R. E. Funderlie, J. Appl. Phys. 44, 5151 (1973).

T. Nenner, H. Tien, and J. B. Fenn, J. Chem. Phys. 63, 5439 (1975).

 

Article With No Volume or Issue Number

H. W. Taylor, J. Chem. Soc. 1966. 411.

 

Book

J. Reif, In Laser-surface interactions for new materials production: Tailoring structure and properties (Heidelberg Berlin, Germany, 2009), pp. 19-41.

L. S. Birks, Electron Probe Microanalysis, 2nd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1971), p. 40. 

D. K. Edwards, in Proceeding of the 2018 Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute, edited by Raymond B. Landis and Gary J. Hordemann (Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 2018), pp. 71-72.

About the AIP Style Manual

The American Institute of Physics (AIP) maintains the official citation style guide for physics. The examples have been adapted from this manual and demonstrate how to document common source materials.


 

Check our print copy for more examples or ask a librarian for help. The print copy is located on a wooden stand next to the reference collection on the first floor of the Hatfield Library.

Willamette University

Willamette University Libraries

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