The Chicago style tends to be used with the humanities (e.g. literature, history, arts). The library has an online subscription, and the print edition is located in the citation manual collection by the reference desk.
The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems, the humanities style (notes and bibliography) and the author-date system. Choosing between the two often depends on subject matter and nature of sources cited, as each system is favored by different groups of scholars.
The humanities style is preferred by many in literature, history, and the arts. This style presents bibliographic information in notes and, often, a bibliography. It accommodates a variety of sources, including esoteric ones less appropriate to the author-date system.
The more concise author-date system has long been used by those in the physical, natural, and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and date of publication. The short citations are amplified in a list of references, where full bibliographic information is provided.
Zotero is a free, open source browser app that collects, manages, cites, and shares your research sources. There is a browser extension that saves info and connects with the desktop Zotero (you need both desktop and browser extension). Additional info at:
Libguides.willamette.edu/zotero
For Zotero help contact:
Bill Kelm, bkelm@willamette.edu or
John Repplinger, jrepplin@willamette.edu
The American Psychology Association (APA) style is designed for the social & life sciences (e.g. psychology, anthropology, medicine). These examples are adapted from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. The print edition is located in the citation manual collection by the reference desk (Call number: Reference BF 76.7 .C66 2005, p177-190).
You will need to cite your sources in two places within your paper: in-text and bibliography
Part I outlines how to cite a source in the paragraph where you have quoted, summarized, or paraphrased from the source (called an in-text citation)
Part II outlines how to create an list of references, known as a bibliography, at the end of your paper that lists anything you cite.
For more examples, use Purdue's APA Style Guide resource: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
You must cite the source of either a quotation or paraphrased material, regardless of the type of source: book, magazine or journal article, newspapers, etc. The APA uses the author-date method of citation; that is, the last name of the author and the year of publication are inserted in the text at the appropriate point.
Strunk, W.,
Jr., & White, E.B. (1979). The elements of style (3rd ed.)
Letheridge, S.,
& Cannon, C.R. (Eds.). (1980). Bilingual education: Teaching English as
a second language.
Wink, J. (2005). Critical
pedagogy: Notes from the real world
Hartley, J.T.,
Harker, J.O., & Walsh, D.A. (1980). Contemporary issues and new directions
in adult development of learning and memory. In L.W. Poon (Ed.), Aging in
the 1980s: Psychological issues (pp. 239-252).
Paivio, A. (1975). Perceptual comparisons through the mind's eye. Memory and Cognition, 3, 635-647.
Barber, A. E. & Roehling, M. V. (1993). Job postings and the decision to interview: A verbal protocol analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 845-856.
Horowitz, L.M., Post, D.L., French, R.S., Wallis, K.D., & Siegelman, E.Y. (1981). The prototype as a construct in abnormal psychology: 2. Clarifying disagreement in psychiatric judgments. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 575-585.
Jensen, L. (1993, December 30). What's love got to do with it. Time, 69, 643-644.
Study finds free care used more. (1982, April). APA Monitor, p. 14.
Simpleton, J.
(2009, January). Nationalization of Government. Speech presented at the
Preservation of Democracy Society,
Riker, David
(Director). (2005, February 11). The city: La ciudad [Television
broadcast].
Author/editor. (Year, month day). Title. Retrieved (Access date), from (complete URL).
Unlandherm,
F. (1997, May 2).
Arab