Information Literacy

Broadly speaking, plagiarism refers to passing off others' ideas as your own. This can include purposeful and nefarious acts such as purchasing an essay on the internet or copying and pasting huge sections from resources.

Plagiarism can be more nuanced, and students may not know all aspects of what constitutes plagiarism. Here are some common examples of plagiarism: 

• Not using quotation marks for a direct quotation
• Paraphrasing but keeping the sentence almost exactly the same
• Not citing all of your sources
• Paraphrased work from others (including your own) without giving them credit
• Forgetting to cite images, graphs, or video clips

Visit Willamette's Plagiarism and Cheating Policy and Code of Conduct for more info.

When you conduct research, you always need to cite your sources. You need to show where you found your information. It does not matter what type of source it is, whether print or online, an image or a conversation. If it is not your original idea or work, it probably needs to be cited.

• To give credit to others who created the work.
• To clearly separate your own thoughts from others.
• To give authority to your own work.
• To demonstrate that you compared and contrasted other's work.
• To help readers retrieve sources you used and verify information. 
• To ethically use information sources. 
• To prevent plagiarism. Plagiarism may lead to disciplinary actions or expulsion. 

Learn the reasons why it is important to cite sources when writing a research paper.

(U of Houston video, length 1:19 minutes)

These are the best ways for avoiding plagiarism:

• Keep track of the sources you consult in your research
• Paraphrase or quote from your sources
  • Quotes are using the author's exact words and appear in "quotation marks."
  • Paraphrasing restates someone else’s concepts in your own words and does not use quotation marks.
• Credit the original author or works creator both in-text citation and as a reference list
  • In-text citations are within the body of your work or footnotes at the bottom of the page.
  • Reference lists, also known as bibliographies or works cited lists, are at the end of the paper.
• Use the correct citation style
  • Style guides or manuals describe how to properly and consistently cite your sources of information, such as how to include an article's volume, issue, and page numbers.
  • Ask your instructor which style manual to use. 
  • Willamette's library provides online style guides, such as APA, MLA, and Chicago.

For additional info and examples, visit the San Jose State University Library guide on How to Avoid Plagiarism.

Want to test your knowledge of Plagiarism?

Take this 12-question quiz designed by the San Jose State University Library (15 mins to complete). Enter "000000000" to take the test as a guest. 

Real World Examples

Think plagiarism is just an issue for college students writing research papers? Hardly! Here are real-world examples of celebrities being accused of plagiarizing: 

Ann Coulter, Barack Obama, Coldplay

Positive Benefits of Properly Citing Materials

• It separates your own thoughts from others
• It helps readers see and retrieve the sources you used
• It shows how your resources fit together as a scholarly conversation
• It gives credit to those who create the work
• It shows that you can synthesize the ideas and opinions of others
• It marks you as an ethical learner
• It demonstrates that you are careful, thoughtful, and can think critically
• It helps you avoids disciplinary actions related to plagiarism

Content from the U Tennessee.