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ENGL 101: Native American Literature and Culture: MLA

Writing Center

The Writing Center offers individual appointments with a writing consultant. Writing Center Consultants will give honest feedback about where the writing confuses them, or loses them, particularly interests them, leaves them needing additional explanation or support, and the like. They can help writers to organize their arguments more effectively by asking them, for example, what the organizing principle at work in the current draft is.

Writing Center
503-370-6959
wc-info@willamette.edu

Schedule an appointment, view student associates, and view hours. Support for students whose home language is not English will also be provided. 

MLA Style Guide

The Modern Language Association (MLA) style is designed for the humanities (e.g. English, Spanish, German). These examples are adapted from the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers and provides examples of how to document source material when preparing scholarly papers.  Printed copies of the MLA Handbook are located in the citation manual collection by the reference desk (Call number: Reference LB2369.G53 2003).

You will need to cite your sources in two places within your paper: in-text and bibliography
Part I outlines how to cite a source in the paragraph where you have quoted, summarized, or paraphrased from the source (called an in-text citation)

Part II outlines how to create an list of references, known as a bibliography, at the end of your paper that lists anything you cite.

MLA Part I

PART I- CITATIONS IN TEXT

You must cite the source of either a quotation or paraphrased material. Include the author's name and the page number(s) from which the material was taken in parentheses following the statement you make. If you mention the author in the text, you do not have to repeat his or her name in the citation. If you cite more than one work by the same author in your paper, you must include a short title to inform the reader of which work you are citing.

Citing Books

Citing author in text:
In A Critical History of American Literature David Lynch provides a useful discussion of the Romantics (538-89), as well as authors from other periods.

 

Citing author in reference:
The author has described this era to be "the most turbulent in modern history" (Brown 21).

Citing Periodicals

Citing author in text:
In "The Threshold of the Mountain in Dante's Divine Comedy," Helen Luke notes that "almost daily this great image of Dante's passage from the blind murk to the shining dark may come to our aid"(55).

 

Citing author in reference:
In the 1990s, media coverage of police brutality reached an all time high (Marshall 6).

MLA Part II

PART II - REFERENCES

Book by a single author:
Pollak, Vivian R. Dickinson: The Anxiety of Gender. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1984.
 
Book by multiple authors:
Holman, C. Hugh and William Harman. A Handbook to Literature. New York: Macmillan, 1992.
 
Article in a reference book:
"Mandarin." Encyclopedia Americana. 1980 ed.
 
Article in a journal with continuous pagination:
Spear, Karen. "Building Cognitive Skills in Basic Writers." Teaching English in the Two-Year College 9 (1983): 91-98.
 
Article in a journal that pages each issue separately or that uses only issue numbers:
Lyon, George Ella. "Contemporary Appalachian Poetry: Sources and Directions." Kentucky Review 2.2 (1981): 3-22.
 
Article from a weekly or biweekly periodical:
Begley, Sharon. "A Healthy Dose of Laughter." Newsweek 4 Oct. 1982: 60-88.
 
Article from a monthly or bimonthly periodical:
Snyder, Mark. "Self-Fulfilling Stereotypes." Psychology Today July 1982: 60-88.
 
An article from a daily newspaper:
Collin, Glenn. "Single-Father Survey Finds Adjustment a Problem." New York Times 21 Nov. 1983, late ed.: B17.

Internet Resources

Basic citation components and punctuation for individual works
  • Author/editor. Title. Edition statement (if given). Place of publication: publisher, date. Medium. Source of electronic information (if available). Available: URL. Access date.

Examples:
 
  • Unlandherm, Frank. Middle East studies resources . New York: Columbia University, 1997. Online. Columbia University: Available: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/indiv/area/MiddleEast/index.html. 19 August 1997.

  • Arab republic of Egypt. Austin, TX: Center for Middle East Studies, 1 June 1997. Online. Middle East Network Information Center. Available: http://menic.utexas.edu/menic/countries/egypt.html. 18 August 1997.
     
For other examples of citing Internet resources see:
 
The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (Ref. LB 2369 .G53 2003) sections 5.9 (page 207), sections 6.4 (page 242) and the index for further specific electronic citation questions.

Miscellaneous

The MLA has a helpful link for questions on their website called Frequently Asked Questions about MLA style.

How to Use Zotero

Other Resources

For more citation styles, click here.

 

All of the books listed here can be found in the Citation Collection, located adjacent to the reference desk.

Willamette University

Willamette University Libraries

Mark O. Hatfield Library
900 State Street.
Salem Oregon 97301
503-370-6018
library@willamette.edu
Pacific Northwest College of Art Library
511 NW Broadway.
Portland Oregon 97209
503-821-8966
pnca-library@willamette.edu