Hypocratic Oath "Above All, Do No Harm"
(Ebook) The Hippocratic Oath and the Ethics of Medicine by ISBN: 1280845872Publication Date: 2005-01-01This engaging book examines what the Hippocratic Oath meant to Greek physicians 2400 years ago and reflects on its relevance to medical ethics today. Drawing on the writings of ancient physicians, Greek playwrights, and modern scholars, each chapter explores one of its passages and concludes with a modern case discussion.
- Greek Origins of the Hippocratic OathThe National Institute of Health put together a brief history about the origins of the Hippocratic Oath. This website contains an introduction to Greek healers, Hippocrates, Aristotle, Galen, and other Greek physicians.
- History of Hippocratic Oath (Wikipedia)This provides historical and contemporary context and interpretations of the Hippocratic Oath.
- Oath of Hippocrates (NIH)From HIPPOCRATIC WRITINGS, translated by J. Chadwick and W. N. National Institute of Health.
In the 1960s, the Hippocratic Oath was changed to require "utmost respect for human life from its beginning", making it a more secular obligation, not to be taken in the presence of God or any gods, but before only other people. When the oath was rewritten in 1964 by Louis Lasagna, Academic Dean of the School of Medicine at Tufts University, the prayer was omitted, and that version has been widely accepted and is still in use today by many US medical schools:
I swear to fulfill, to the best of my ability and judgment, this covenant:
I will respect the hard-won scientific gains of those physicians in whose steps I walk, and gladly share such knowledge as is mine with those who are to follow.
I will apply, for the benefit of the sick, all measures [that] are required, avoiding those twin traps of overtreatment and therapeutic nihilism.
I will remember that there is art to medicine as well as science, and that warmth, sympathy, and understanding may outweigh the surgeon's knife or the chemist's drug.
I will not be ashamed to say "I know not," nor will I fail to call in my colleagues when the skills of another are needed for a patient's recovery.
I will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know. Most especially must I tread with care in matters of life and death. If it is given me to save a life, all thanks. But it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play at God.
I will remember that I do not treat a fever chart, a cancerous growth, but a sick human being, whose illness may affect the person's family and economic stability. My responsibility includes these related problems, if I am to care adequately for the sick.
I will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure.
I will protect the environment which sustains us, in the knowledge that the continuing health of ourselves and our societies is dependent on a healthy planet.
I will remember that I remain a member of society, with special obligations to all my fellow human beings, those sound of mind and body as well as the infirm.
If I do not violate this oath, may I enjoy life and art, respected while I live and remembered with affection thereafter. May I always act so as to preserve the finest traditions of my calling and may I long experience the joy of healing those who seek my help.
NIH Informed Consent Form
- NIH Protocols and Informed Consent
Informed consent refers to the process by which a volunteer confirms his or her willingness to participate in the research after having been informed of all aspects of the trial that are relevant to the volunteer’s decision to participate. Informed consent is documented by means of a written, signed, and dated informed consent form. Both the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have regulations that address the informed consent process. - Informed Consent Form and Process: Guidance Document: Divison of AIDS (DAIDS)This 64 page document is used as guidance for physicians to create an Informed Consent Form to have patients sign with their permission to perform research.
CDC Disparities & Inequalities Report
- Healthy People 2030Healthy People 2030 sets data-driven national objectives to improve health and well-being over the next decade. Originally named Healthy People 2020, this site had modified objectives of the U.S. government.
- Strategies for Reducing Health Disparities 2016A major goal of public health is to reduce health disparities. The programs described in the MMWR Supplement, Strategies for Reducing Health Disparities—Selected CDC-Sponsored Interventions, United States, 2016, are examples of CDC-sponsored initiatives that address health disparities with the goal of advancing health equity.
- CDC Disparities & Inequalities Report 2013CDC and its partners work to identify and address the factors that lead to health disparities among racial, ethnic, geographic, socioeconomic, and other groups so that barriers to health equity can be removed. The first step in this process is to shine a bright light on the problems to be solved. Providing accurate, useful data on the causes of illness and death in the United States and across the world is a foundation of CDC’s mission and work.
Nuremberg Trials 1946 (Nazi Leaders)
- Nuremberg Trials - Definition, Dates & Purpose
Shortly after Adolf Hitler came to power as chancellor of Germany in 1933, he and his Nazi government began implementing policies designed to persecute German-Jewish people and other perceived enemies of the Nazi state. Over the next decade, these policies grew increasingly repressive and violent and resulted... in state-sponsored murder of some 6 million European Jewish people. - Holocaust Encyclopedia
This contains a ton of information about how the Jewish people were discriminated against, Nazi camp systems, policies, etc. - Nuremberg Trials 1946 (Nazi Leaders)
Videos about the Nurenburg Trials, the captured and surviving Nazi leaders who where tried.